The Giant Mudskipper normally excretes Ammonia (NH3)...
“The Giant Mudskipper normally excretes Ammonia (NH3)”
Summary
The giant mudskipper actively eliminates nitrogenous waste as ammonia, primarily transporting it as the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) through its skin and gills while maintaining low NH₃ permeability. This active ammonia excretion is a normal physiological process for the species.
Sources 57 searched
- Air breathing and ammonia excretion in the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri - PubMed
Acidification of the environment and having a skin with a low NH3 permeability reduces ammonia influx, so that the fish can maintain tissue ammonia levels by active ammonium ion excretion, even in water containing high levels of ammonia.
- Active ammonia excretion in the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas), during emersion - PubMed
Assuming that the rate of endogenous ammonia production remained unchanged, 33% of the exogenous ammonia was excreted through the head region, presumably through the gills, during the first 6 hr of emersion.
- Ammonia exposure increases the expression of Na(+):K (+):2Cl (-) cotransporter 1a in the gills of the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri - PubMed
The dependency on post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of branchial Nkcc1 in P. schlosseri would facilitate prompt responses to changes in environmental condition. As NH4 (+) can replace K(+), NH4 (+) could probably enter ionocytes through the basolateral Nkcc1a during active ammonia excretion, but increased influx of Na(+), NH4 (+) and 2Cl(-) would alter the transmembrane Na(+) gradient.
- Ammonia toxicity, tolerance, and excretion - ScienceDirect
Under conditions of elevated ambient ammonia, the mudskipper P. schlosseri can continue to excrete ammonia by active transport of ammonium ions. There are indications that some fish may be able to manipulate the pH of the body surface to facilitate ...
- Ammonia and urea excretion from mudskipper fishes Periophthalmus cantonensis and Boleophthalmus pectinirostris transferred from land to water - ScienceDirect
However, no such trend was recognized for urea excretion in either species. ... 2. In both P. cantonensis and B. pectinirostris, the total ammonia excretion both in water and on land by the fish transferred from land to water were lower than ...
- Mudskipper genomes provide insights into the terrestrial adaptation of amphibious fishes | Nature Communications
Their remarkably high tolerance to environmental ammonia and ability to survive on land are related to a combination of active NH3/NH4+ excretion and low membrane permeability for ammonia11.
- Mudskippers are fish out of water - Cell Mentor
Mudskippers can breathe air, but because they're still fish (using gills), they're susceptible to toxic buildups of ammonia when they're not in the water. This has led to the evolution of several different physiological adaptations, in metabolic ...
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